The AN melt is then made into "prills" or small beads in a spray tower, or into granules by spraying and tumbling in a rotating drum. After the solution is formed, typically at about 83% concentration, the excess water is evaporated off to leave an ammonium nitrate (AN) content of 95% to 99.9% concentration (AN melt), depending on grade. The reaction is violent owing to its highly exothermic nature. Ammonia is used in its anhydrous form (a gas) and the nitric acid is concentrated. Ammonia produced by the Haber process can be oxidized to nitric acid by the Ostwald process. The ammonia required for this process is obtained by the Haber process from nitrogen and hydrogen. The industrial production of ammonium nitrate entails the acid-base reaction of ammonia with nitric acid: HNO 3 + NH 3 → NH 4NO 3 Production, reactions and crystalline phases Ammonium nitrate was mined there until the Haber–Bosch process made it possible to synthesize nitrates from atmospheric nitrogen, thus rendering nitrate mining obsolete. Occurrence Īmmonium nitrate is found as the natural mineral gwihabaite (formerly known as nitrammite) – the ammonium analogue of saltpetre (mineralogical name: niter) – in the driest regions of the Atacama Desert in Chile, often as a crust on the ground or in conjunction with other nitrate, iodate, and halide minerals. By 2021, global production of ammonium nitrate was down to 16.7 million tonnes. Global production was estimated at 21.6 million tonnes in 2017. Accidental ammonium nitrate explosions have killed thousands of people since the early 20th century.
Many countries are phasing out its use in consumer applications due to concerns over its potential for misuse. It is the major constituent of ANFO, a popular industrial explosive which accounts for 80% of explosives used in North America similar formulations have been used in improvised explosive devices. Its other major use is as a component of explosive mixtures used in mining, quarrying, and civil construction.
It is predominantly used in agriculture as a high-nitrogen fertilizer. It is highly soluble in water and hygroscopic as a solid, although it does not form hydrates. It is a white crystalline salt consisting of ions of ammonium and nitrate. The molar mass of carbon dioxide is 12.01 + (2 × 16.00) = 44.01 g/mol.Ammonium nitrate is a chemical compound with the formula NH 4NO 3.CO 2 has one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms.Oxygen (O) has an atomic mass of about 16.00 amu.Carbon (C) has an atomic mass of about 12.01 amu.Let's calculate the molar mass of carbon dioxide (CO 2): Add them together: add the results from step 3 to get the total molar mass of the compound.Calculate molar mass of each element: multiply the atomic mass of each element by the number of atoms of that element in the compound.The atomic mass is usually found on the periodic table and is given in atomic mass units (amu). Find atomic masses: look up the atomic masses of each element present in the compound.For example, water is H 2O, meaning it contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Identify the compound: write down the chemical formula of the compound.One mole contains exactly 6.022 ×10 23 particles (Avogadro's number) Mole is a standard scientific unit for measuring large quantities of very small entities such as atoms and molecules.Molar mass ( molar weight) is the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in g/mol.(1 u is equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12) Molecular mass ( molecular weight) is the mass of one molecule of a substance and is expressed in the unified atomic mass units (u).To calculate molecular weight of a chemical compound enter it's formula, specify its isotope mass number after each element in square brackets.Įxamples of molecular weight computations: Molar mass calculator also displays common compound name, Hill formula, elemental composition, mass percent composition, atomic percent compositions and allows to convert from weight to number of moles and vice versa.Ĭomputing molecular weight (molecular mass) Functional groups: D, Ph, Me, Et, Bu, AcAc, For, Tos, Bz, TMS, tBu, Bzl, Bn, DmgĮxamples of molar mass computations: NaCl, Ca(OH)2, K4, CuSO4*5H2O, nitric acid, potassium permanganate, ethanol, fructose, caffeine, water.Capitalize the first letter in chemical symbol and use lower case for the remaining letters: Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, S, O, H, C, N, Na, K, Cl, Al.
Ammonium nitrite is a compound that exists as colorless crystals and is soluble in water.Ĭomputing molar mass (molar weight)To calculate molar mass of a chemical compound enter its formula and click 'Compute'.